This article highlights the importance of reconsidering traditional flat roof designs to achieve cost-efficiency and performance through the elimination of internal guttering systems.

Recent membrane testing and technology allows some systems to work at lower falls. This creates an impact on the design scenarios in which the overall roof buildup has a height limitation.

A ballast roof or brown roof is created when a roofing membrane has a layer of gravel, pebbles, or stones added as the finished layer.

It is important to consider future factors such as ground movement and rising sea levels to ensure the waterproofing membrane specified will perform as intended regardless of changes in ground conditions.

A look at the considerations for redeveloping brown fields.